Pericardiocentesis is the procedure used to treat pericardial effusion. The excessive build-up fluid in the pericardium causes shortness of breath and coughing and the procedure aims to relieve these symptoms. The procedure is done in hospital; a long, thin needle is inserted in the pericardial sac and guided with the help of an echocardiography. Once in place, the needle is then replaced with a catheter tube that drains the fluid.